Het cultuurstelsel en zijn buitenlandse ondernemer.
Java tussen oud en nieuw kolonialisme
Ulbe Bosma
The Dutch state cultivation system and its global entrepreneurs. Java between
old and new colonialism
Since the reign of lieutenant governor-general Stamford Raffles (1811-1816)
British trading interests had been firmly established in colonial Indonesia. The
establishment of the cultivation system in Java by the Dutch colonial government
in 1830 was an attempt to bring the potentially rich colony under economic
control of the Dutch. It is also considered to be a departure from the principles of
economic liberalism and a phase in which private entrepreneurs were barred
from the emerging plantation economy. On the basis of census data and immigration
records, and with reference to recent literature on the development of
nineteenth century sugar industry, this article argues that British trading houses
that were present in Java in the early nineteenth century continued to play an
important role in the development of the production of tropical products in Java.
They also attracted a modest influx of British technicians to manage the estates.
The article proposes to consider the state Cultivation System and private enterprise
not as mutually exclusive categories but as complementory factors in making
the Java cane sugar industry the second largest in the world after Cuba.
Marginalen of radicalen?
Het vertoog over de 'roepers en krijsers' tijdens stedelijke opstanden,
voornamelijk in het laatmiddeleeuwse Vlaanderen
Jan Dumolyn
The marginalized or the radicals? The discourse on the 'shouters and
criers' in late medieval urban revolts, primarily in Flanders
In the majority of the narrative sources concerning late medieval Flanders and
Brabant we encounter very negative descriptions of rebels. They were often referred
to as 'mutineers' or as 'the bad' or 'the evil'. Rebels were attributed the
vices of irrationality, foolishness, stubborness and pride, or they were considered
as spineless followers of conspiring demagogues. The often spontaneous character
of their actions was thus misjudged by the chroniclers. A rather specific discourse
on urban rebels, who were often from the lowest classes of urban society,
included the terms 'shouters' and 'criers'. Shouting and crying was associated
with the acts of mobilisation and agitation that could start a revolt.
Huwelijken van Duitse migranten in Nederland (1860-1940).
De rol van herkomst, religie, beroep en sekse
Leo Lucassen
Marriages of German migrants in the Netherlands (1860-1940). The role of
ethnicity, religion, class and gender
This article analyses the marriage behaviour of German migrants at the end of the 19th century and in the interwar period, using a intergenerational dataset of Germans who settled for good in Rotterdam. For the 19th century these data are compared with the outcome of a study on Utrecht, whereas for the interbellum an in-depth study of German servants is used to put the Rotterdam conclusions in perspective. It shows that mixed marriages among the first generation were quite common, although with remarkable local variations, but also points at interesting variations with respect to class, religion, gender and ethnicity. Much depended on
the sex ratio and the occupational profile of the migrants. By defining 'mixed' not only in ethnic, but also in religious and class terms, this paper offers a more layered analysis of the assimilation process than is found in many main-stream migration studies.
Het verenigingsleven op het Hagelandse platteland.
Sociale polarisatie en middenveldparticipatie in de 17e en 18e eeuw
Maarten F. Van Dijck
Club life on the Hageland countryside. Social polarization and participation
in the 17th and 18th century
This article aims at examining lay clubs and religious associations in rural seventeenth
and eighteenth century Brabant, by testing some recent sociological
conclusions concerning present social life. While the structures of lay clubs where
more democratic, religious clubs were less open. All members of lay clubs were
enabled to participate in the administration of their association. Also, frequent
social interaction in such societies promoted horizontal values among their
members. In religious clubs, interactions between board and members where
based on hierarchal relations, and only vertical relations where stimulated.
Membership of lay associations was limited in a way as well: a refined pattern of
manners distinguished members of lay societies already in the fifteenth century.
This social separation was consolidated in the seventeenth and eighteenth century,
as poor inhabitants were excluded from the lay societies.
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